提要 广东和港澳都是双语社会。广东的“双语”指的是粤、闽、客方言与普通话，但方言的势力范围大大超过普通话，香港的“双语”指的则是汉语粤方言和英语。随着港澳回归，不仅粤、港、澳将迅速扩大交往，而且与内陆的经济文化交流也将大大加强。这样一来，在广东和港澳大力推广和普及普通话就成了一个非常紧迫的实际问题。 本文通过对港澳学生普通话能力的调查和分析，提出了在“九七”即将来临之际，要因势利导，加强双语教育的设想和建议。 关键词 港澳回归 双语 普通话 China's Resumption of the Exercise of Sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao and the Problem of Bilingualism Pan Jiayi Abstract People in Guangdong Province,Hong Kong and Macao are bilingual.The bilingualism in Guangdong Province refers to such dialects asCantonese,Hakka and Fujian dialect on the one hand,and Mandarin,to be exact,Putonghua the standard Chinese speech on the other hand,with the former getting the upper hand in the scope of influence.In the case of Hong Kong and Macao,things are quite different.The bilingualism in Hong Kong,for example,refers to Cantonese dialect of the Chinese language on the one hand and the English language on the other.With the date of China's resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao drawing nearer and nearer,people inthese two regions will have more and more intercourses and economic and cultural exchanges with the people not only in Guangdong Province but alsoin other provinces,which makes it all the more imminent to popularize Putonghua both in Guangdong Province and in Hong Kong and Macao. After making an investigation and analysis into the Putonghua-speaking faculty among students from Hong Kong and Macao,the author isof opinion that the existing situation of bilingualism mentioned above should be guided adroitly around 1997 in favour of further development of relationship,and suggests some ideas for strengthening bilingual education. Key words China's resumption of the exercise of sovereignty ove r Hong Kong and Macao bilingualism Putonghua 一 问题的提出 去年九月，汕头大学从港澳地区招收了一批应届高中毕业生来校就读法律和中文专业。由于港澳生来校后不大会讲、甚至听不大懂普通话，我们便把“写作”课临时改为“汉语和写作”，由我先开汉语课并进行普通话训练。为了了解学生的普通语程度以便能针对性地开展教学活动，我在上第一堂课时，从北京语言学院编写的《学汉语》一书中挑了几篇生动有趣的短文，让每个学生用普通话读一篇，同时录了音。当全30多个学生都读完以后，我得到了这样一个印象：这个班的港澳生除了极个别北京籍学生读得比较好以外，绝大多数读的都是带有浓重“粤味”的普通话。有许多字，因为一时“转换”不过来，就索性按广州话来读。一些学生也许是意识到不会用普通话读书太难堪，所以一边读还一边说Sorry，或自言自语地用粤语小声插话：“死咯”、“好衰”、“点读啫”？ 我把录音带拿回来又听了几遍，发现港澳生念的普通话，基本上仍保留着粤方言区的人学习普通话的通病，这就是： 1.平舌、翘舌和舌面音相混，都读成舌叶音。（词＝迟＝齐） 2.n、l相混，都读l。（脑＝老） 3.部分k声母字读成f。（库＝父） 4.部分e韵母字读成o。（歌读go） 5.部分u韵母字读成ü。（书＝须） 6.en韵母字读成an。（门＝蛮）
